Examples of Research Proposal on Physical Activity and Environmental Perception Essay

Background and RationaleGender is an important confounder in the epidemiology of corporal activity, where men be more physically active than women (Aadahl, Kjaer & Jorgensen, 2007 Azevedo et.al., 2007). Within delight research, the focus on race and religiosity from a social science perspective has for a long time been a marginal research area. The archaeozoic research on race and sport has been criticised for being ethnocentric (Fleming 1994) with stereotypes like Arabic countries are not interested in sports or Muslim girls are constrained by their parents from snap officipating and that the level of physical activity among Muslim women is low outside and inside their home. These need further groundwork scrutiny to determine its accuracy. Researchers have explained the low level of mesh of women of Asian and North Afri elicit origin in sports in Europe as a impression of both religious and cultural barriers as well as racism and discrimination within sports organisations.Fo r example, it is often argued that Muslim immigrant girls face gender-specific barriers that limit their leisure-time activities, such as household responsibilities. Racism as an explanation for the low level of involvement is currently widely accepted among researchers (Carrington and McDonald 2001). Lovell (1991) found that Asian women are often inclined less attention and discriminated against in physical education because of teachers ideas of Asian girls as passive and frail and therefore not interested in sports. Sport participation has scientifically been proven to provide these benefits lower risk of getting heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, colon cancer, and diabetes, lower high blood pressure, reduced dread and depression and improved mood. It also helps cope with stress and control weight, provides more energy, promotes better sleep and overall appearance (Moore, 2007).The Purpose of the StudyThis research aims to recognise the kinds and level of physical acti vity that Bruneian university students do on their daily routine and association of environmental perception from developing state (Brunei) and developed country (United Kingdom). The take away will look into the physical activity engagement of the target group within a period of 7 days.Research Question1. be the gender differences in physical activity among Bruneian University students studying in the United Kingdom?2. Are there differences in perception of the environment mingled with male and female among Bruneian university students in the United Kingdom?Procedures and ProtocolsThis research will be using quantitative methods of data gathering in the class of a survey. Snowball sampling will be used in this research. Approximately 150 Bruneian University students are expected to participate in the survey, consisting of 50% males and 50% females. All Bruneian students must be study in the United Kingdom for at least one course of academic year or two terms (2010/2011). The participants will be volunteers and the age range is from 18 to 59 years old. The participants will be recruited if they show interest in an email sent out from a social networking service (Facebook). The participants will be examined based on their time spent (moderate to vigorous activity) being physically active in the last 7 days, with the data examined through transcription and content analysis as well as environmental perception.Survey QuestionnairesThis study will use various self-administered survey questionnaires that are designed to determine the kinds of daily physical activity that Bruneian University students engage in as part of their daily routine, especially within a period 7 days. This study will look into the time spent by respondents sitting as an index number of sedentary behaviour. In each of the four domains, the number of days per week and time per day spent in both moderate and vigorous activity will be recorded. There are three levels of physical activity p roposed to classify respondents low, moderate, and high. Another set of questionnaire will be focus on their environmental perception on the environmental factor from Brunei to United Kingdom. The data needed will be derived from direct surveys, opinion or Internet surveys and literature reviewData Analysis MethodsThe physical activity data from the questionnaire will be transformed into energy expenditure estimates as MET. To shoot for the weekly physicalactivity (MET-h week-1), the number of hours dedicated to each activity class will be multiplied by the specic-MET score for that activity and statistically analysed. This will be used to find significant relationships surrounded by and among the data gathered. The data will be analyzed using PASW Statistics 18 (SPSS). The correlation between physical activity level and environmental perception will be analyzed.Likely Value of ResultsThe results will show us the continuous measure of physical activity and will be reported as med ian MET-minutes. Median values and interquartile ranges can be computed for walking (W), moderate-intensity activities (M), and vigorous-intensity activities (V) within the time period surveyed. natural scores may also be calculated for walking (W), moderate-intensity activities (M), and vigorous-intensity activities (V) for each domain (work, transport, domestic and garden, and leisure) to provide an aggregate summary of the data. The result of this study can be use as an intervention for Bruneian students that study in UK or any other country in order to improve their health and physical activity.ReferencesCarrington B, and McDonald, I (2001).Race, sport and British society. London. Fleming, S. (1994). Sport and South Asian youth the perils of false universalism and stereotyping. Leisure Studies 13(3), pp. 159177. Moore, K. (2004). Muslim Women Athletes Move Ahead, But Dont Leave Faith Behind. Physical Activity. Lovel. T (1991), Sport, racism and young women, in G. Jarvie (ed.), Sport, racism and ethnicity, London 5873.Aadahl M, Kjaer M, Jorgensen T. (2007) Influence of time spent on TV viewing and vigorous intensity physical activity on cardiovascular biomarkers. The Inter 99 Study. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 14 660-5.Azevedo MR, Araujo CL, Reichert FF, Siqueira FV, da Silva MC, Hallal PC. (2007). Gender differences in leisure-time and physical activity. International Journal of Public Health 52 8-15.