Trade Law Essay -- International Law

Part 1 Critically assess the argument that electronic bills of lading argon wear out and more effective than paper bills of lading. This essay will answer the first part of the question by at first introducing bills of lading, their history and features and thus explain what electronic bills of lading argon. Bills of lading originated as a result of Mediterranean trading during the 11th or 12th century AD when records of the goods moneyed (where the enunciate lading comes from) on to ships over long distances were kept. During the early part of the 20th century rules were drawn up by the International equity sleeper called the Hague Rules that aimed at regulating the obligations and the liabilities of those carrying the goods by sea. A bill of lading documents the type, destination and quantity of the good be transported and also serves as a receipt of freightage when the goods turn their destination. Being a legal document between the carrier and the shipper, which must b e signed by both and also signed by the recipient, a bill of lading can be treated as evidence under many different rectitudes as it is a document of title. referable to it being a document of title the shipment will be incomplete without the documentation therefore it cannot be passed on to the correct party when the goods are presented at the port of destination stipulated in the ocean bill of lading. Bills of lading are usually made in three original pieces or part which are sent off to the consignee by mail, another is sent off to with the goods and the last is retained by the shipper. Sometimes the master of the ship retains a reduplicate for their witness personal reference. An example copy of a bill of lading may be seen in appendix one, at the end of this essay. Two ex... ...hnology Law, 17(2), 125-149.Livermore, J. (2006). electronic bills of lading. diary of Maritime Law and Commerce, 28(1), 455-59.Nilson, k. (1995). electronic bills of lading planning for areas of risk. Journal of Financial Crime, 2(4), 311-316.Scrutton, T. E. (2009). Charterparties and Bills of Lading. London BiblioBazaar.UNCTAD. (2004). UNCTAD Survey Reveals Why Paper B/Ls Still Rule. Managing Exports, 2004(8), 1-14.Wang, F. F. (2010). Law of Electronic Commercial Transactions Contemporary Issues in the EU, US and China (Routledge Research in Information Technology and E-commerce Law). Routledge.Yiannopoulos, A. (1995). Ocean Bills of Lading Traditional Forms, Substitutes, and EDI Systems. The Hague Kluwer law International.Zekos, G. I. (1999). EDI and the contractual role of computerised (electronic) bills of lading. Managerial Law, 41, 1-34. Trade Law Essay -- International LawPart 1 Critically assess the argument that electronic bills of lading are better and more effective than paper bills of lading. This essay will answer the first part of the question by at first introducing bills of lading, their history and features and then explain what electronic b ills of lading are. Bills of lading originated as a result of Mediterranean trading during the 11th or 12th century AD when records of the goods loaded (where the word lading comes from) on to ships over long distances were kept. During the early part of the 20th century rules were drawn up by the International Law Association called the Hague Rules that aimed at regulating the obligations and the liabilities of those carrying the goods by sea. A bill of lading documents the type, destination and quantity of the good being transported and also serves as a receipt of shipment when the goods reach their destination. Being a legal document between the carrier and the shipper, which must be signed by both and also signed by the recipient, a bill of lading can be treated as evidence under many different laws as it is a document of title.Due to it being a document of title the shipment will be incomplete without the documentation therefore it cannot be passed on to the correct party when the goods are presented at the port of destination stipulated in the ocean bill of lading. Bills of lading are usually made in three original pieces or parts which are sent off to the consignee by mail, another is sent off to with the goods and the last is retained by the shipper. Sometimes the master of the ship retains a copy for their own personal reference. An example copy of a bill of lading may be seen in appendix one, at the end of this essay. Two ex... ...hnology Law, 17(2), 125-149.Livermore, J. (2006). Electronic bills of lading. Journal of Maritime Law and Commerce, 28(1), 455-59.Nilson, k. (1995). Electronic bills of lading planning for areas of risk. Journal of Financial Crime, 2(4), 311-316.Scrutton, T. E. (2009). Charterparties and Bills of Lading. London BiblioBazaar.UNCTAD. (2004). UNCTAD Survey Reveals Why Paper B/Ls Still Rule. Managing Exports, 2004(8), 1-14.Wang, F. F. (2010). Law of Electronic Commercial Transactions Contemporary Issues in the EU, US and Chin a (Routledge Research in Information Technology and E-commerce Law). Routledge.Yiannopoulos, A. (1995). Ocean Bills of Lading Traditional Forms, Substitutes, and EDI Systems. The Hague Kluwer law International.Zekos, G. I. (1999). EDI and the contractual role of computerised (electronic) bills of lading. Managerial Law, 41, 1-34.

The Themes of Faulkners Absalom! Absalom! Essay -- Absalom! Absalom!

The Themes of Faulkners Absalom Absalom The theme of Absalom Absalom is the connectedness of humanity and the power of illusion vs. faithfulness. In coordinate to really translate these entities to the reader Faulkner uses the appoint of stream-of-consciousness. In this style of metaphorical writing one thing can lead you to all things, and vice versa. This is the form of the novel. One can compare this work to a gothic novel, to a Greek tragedy, to an entire metaphor for the situation of the South in itself, but the matter is mainly giving us a metaphor for the connectedness of humans. He gives us integrity wrapped in subjective interpretation, based on screwball memories and cut up pieces of time and space. Faulkners use of confusion, narration shifts, and generally chaotic style give us a form that makes us work for tick off of it. Unlike Hemmingway, who pounds you with inane generalities and dialogue, Faulkner suspends us from the text, and then slowly builds again d rawing us in again from a different angle, a different prognosis of the same story. As we traverse the sporadic and courageous landscape of the human mind we are dragged into the maybes, perhaps, and could have beens that are sometimes more true than the stark, unlike reality that hits us straight in the face. The passage on the bottom of page 210 reads, Yes. Maybe we are both Father. Maybe nothing ever happens at one time and is finished. Maybe happen is never once but like ripples maybe on water after the pebble sinks, the ripples moving on, spreading, the pool attached by a narrow umbilical water-cord to the next pool which the first pool feeds, has fed, did feed, let this second pool contain a different temperature of water, a different molecularity of having se... ...t the truth would even mean, considering who was left to even care. This is the ebb and flow of the mind, the heart, the will the movement of consciousness as it becomes memory, desperately trying to piece u nitedly a great forgotten truth that has now become a burning mystery set in the very being of existence. Faulkner uses these tactics of piecemealing, shuffling, circular arrangement, narrator shifts, and stream-of-consciousness to repose the reader in the shoes of the Everyhuman, the tie that bind us to each other, to all things, one fading as another rises, rising and fading together always already. He shows us truth is an elusive chimera, never able to be pinned down for showcasing in all its realness. Only the fragments of the broken mirror of truth can be pieced together through memory and will, and perhaps with courage and a bit of shrewdness.

The Awakening as an Allegory of Existentialism Essays -- Chopin Awake

The Awakening as an Allegory of Existentialism Kate Chopins The Awakening as the title suggests is just thatthe fib of a three-year-old womans awakening to life. Even though it is a work of fiction, the character of Edna undergoes such a radical change ane keepnot ignore the psychological prudence of the work. The story could almost be seen as a case study. In order to analyze the work psychologically, it is important to decide which psychological framework to use. I chose the connoisseur Cynthia Wolff who uses a Freudian framework for analysis. Wolff feels that Ednas problems are a result of oral conflicts, while I see the work as more of an parable of existentialism, and Ednas problems are a result of a lack of Being. Cynthia Wolff draws the reader into the Freudian framework by pointing out how cyclic Ednas life is in relation to eat and sleeping. Wolff claims, If virtuoso were to plot the course of Ednas life during this period, the most reliable indices to the passag e of time would be her meals and her periods of sleep (Wolff 231). Since these are the most basic needs, unitary can promptly recognize the infantile life-pattern (Wolff 231) in Edna. Wolff goes on to explain that Edna does not recognize her desire for Robert to be sexual because Ednas libidinal energies have been arrested at a pre-genital level (Wolff 232). In Freudian terms this means that Ednas relationship to the populace around her is on an oral level. This level is characteristic of very young children whose altogether forethought is for food, and anything they can reach they attempt to put in their mouths. The taking in of the world in this way is the childs attempt to understand and become one with the world by internalizing it. The oral stag... ... her. Since this would not be tolerated by the society of the day, her children would suffer because of their mot hers behavior. Since she cannot be in a world that will not allow her Be, she chooses to give up what has bec ome to her an unessentiallife. Note 1The hyphens in Being-in-the-world are to show that a Being and the world are interdependent on one another and therefore inseparable. Works Cited Dostoyevky, Fyodor. Notes From the Underground. virgin York Dover, 1992. Heidegger, Martin. Basic Writings. New York Harper Collins Publishers, 1993. May, Rollo. Existence. New York Simon & Shuster, 1958. Sartre, Jean-Paul. Essays in Existentialism. Secaucus Carrol Publishing Group, 1997. Wolff, Cynthia. Thanatos and Eros. The Awakening by Kate Chopin. Ed. Margo Culley. New York Norton, 1994. 231-41. The Awakening as an Allegory of Existentialism Essays -- Chopin AwakeThe Awakening as an Allegory of Existentialism Kate Chopins The Awakening as the title suggests is just thatthe story of a young womans awakening to life. Even though it is a work of fiction, the character of Edna undergoes such a radical change one cannot ignore the psychological depth of the work. The story c ould almost be seen as a case study. In order to analyze the work psychologically, it is important to decide which psychological framework to use. I chose the critic Cynthia Wolff who uses a Freudian framework for analysis. Wolff feels that Ednas problems are a result of oral conflicts, while I see the work as more of an allegory of existentialism, and Ednas problems are a result of a lack of Being. Cynthia Wolff draws the reader into the Freudian framework by pointing out how cyclic Ednas life is in relation to eating and sleeping. Wolff claims, If one were to plot the course of Ednas life during this period, the most reliable indices to the passage of time would be her meals and her periods of sleep (Wolff 231). Since these are the most basic needs, one can quickly recognize the infantile life-pattern (Wolff 231) in Edna. Wolff goes on to explain that Edna does not recognize her desire for Robert to be sexual because Ednas libidinal energies have been arrested at a pre-genital le vel (Wolff 232). In Freudian terms this means that Ednas relationship to the world around her is on an oral level. This level is characteristic of very young children whose only concern is for food, and anything they can reach they attempt to put in their mouths. The taking in of the world in this way is the childs attempt to understand and become one with the world by internalizing it. The oral stag... ... her. Since this would not be tolerated by the society of the day, her children would suffer because of their mot hers behavior. Since she cannot be in a world that will not let her Be, she chooses to give up what has become to her an unessentiallife. Note 1The hyphens in Being-in-the-world are to show that a Being and the world are interdependent on one another and therefore inseparable. Works Cited Dostoyevky, Fyodor. Notes From the Underground. New York Dover, 1992. Heidegger, Martin. Basic Writings. New York Harper Collins Publishers, 1993. May, Rollo. Existence. New Yor k Simon & Shuster, 1958. Sartre, Jean-Paul. Essays in Existentialism. Secaucus Carrol Publishing Group, 1997. Wolff, Cynthia. Thanatos and Eros. The Awakening by Kate Chopin. Ed. Margo Culley. New York Norton, 1994. 231-41.

Victorian Newspapers -- Victorian Time Period

Victorian News papers The Source for Inquiring MindsIn William Makepeace Thackerays novel Vanity Fair, George Sedley Osborne exhibits a desire to have his name appear in the newspapers. Furthermore, he is not the only one in Vanity Fair who is concerned with the newspapers, considering the fact that the words newspaper and newspapers appear twenty-two times in Thackerays novel. Still, there is much more to know about Victorian newspapers than Thackeray imparts to his readers. Although George is unsuccessful in getting his name in print, the following information will be successful in illustrating to its readers the when, where, and why of newspapers in the Victorian era. The Nineteenth century included a monumental step for the world of newspapers. In fact, the first papers to resemble the daily newspaper of the mid-twentieth century were the penny papers of the 1830s (Hartman 17). Though their origins began in the Victorian era, the newspapers read today barely resemble the sparse penny papers years ago (Hartman 17).Reader AppealVictorian newspapers found their start as expensive publications that were essentially unattainable by the lower classes. The cause for this inaccessibility is accounted for by the additional tax placed on newspapers during this time. This tax took the form of a stamp duty, paid and recorded on every imitation (Images). Nevertheless, the sales of newspapers continually climbed. In addition, the early select papers appealed only to man, the political animal (Sampson 855). Indeed, the majorities of topics found in an early Victorian newspaper were political, and as well as sought to be partisan, rather than non-partisan. Finally, towards the end of the century, papers appealing to the whol... ...ttp//www.uk.olivesoftware.com.Concise History of the British publisher in the 19th Century. The British Library Newspaper Library. The British Library Board. 09 Nov. 2004 .Dowd, Robert C. A Brief History of Newspaper Publishing in Florida. The Florida Newspaper Project. University of Florida. 07 Nov. 2004 .Extracts from the Times. Monuments and Dust The Culture of Victorian London Collection. University of Virginia. 07 Nov. 2004 .Leary, Patrick. Newspapers. Victoria seek Web. 07 Nov. 2004 .Rinhart, Floyd and Marion. Victorian Florida Americas Last Frontier. Atlanta, GA. Peachtree Publishers, Ltd., 1986.

The sport of Paintball Essay -- essays research papers

The Sport of PaintballThere you are. Youre hiding behind a hurriedly constructed dugout made to protect yourself from enemy fire. You can hear the enemy firing on your position, and you can feel the shots screaming above your head. The firing ceases for a moment. You pop out, fire off a few rounds, and duck back in but as you are going back in the shots lower up again, and you feel the rounds whizzing past your head and ear. One catches your sleeve. You glance down. No damage. Suddenly you have a fellow fighter there in your bunker with you. He tells you hes going to try to abridge the enemy bunker out. Before you can stop him, he charges out of the bunker, gun blazing. A burst of fire, and a cry. You glance out, and see that your teammate has been crash. Anger sweeps over you. You check your ammunition close to full. You make a conscious decision to take them out. Taking a breath, you burst from your haven at speeds you did not know you could achieve. The enemy is surprised by this boldness. They doubted you, and are now caught off guard. You fire upon the loose enemy. You see one of your shots find its mark, and he goes down. There is one more. Maintaining fire to keep him pinned down, you sweep past his bunker, and place three shots in his boob as you pass. You are victorious.Now, where are you? Are you in Iraq? No. Are you in Vietnam in the past? No. You are in the average American town, and you are out with your buddies live a game of paintball. You are still pumped up on adrenaline, and eager for the next game.One may wonder, what is paintball? Paintball is a sport similar to laser tag but with live ammunition. Players are given a paintball gun, a protective mask, a gas source, and usually almost spare paintballs. A paintball gun, also called a marker, uses a pressurized gas source to propel a marble-sized ball out of the marker at anywhere from 250 to ccc feet per second (fps). This ball is fired at another player who is (or at least should be) similarly equipped. If the ball strikes the player, the ball breaks, and the gelatinous, colored filling leaves a pictorial mark on the player. This is called being marked. The player who was hit is usually out of the game at this point. Some people play multiple hit rules, such as three-hits-and-youre-out, or scenarios like that. This is a basic overview of the sport of paintball.Now we shall look at the a... ..., country-boy Ritchie White, captured all twelve flags without firing a mavin shot Paintball pioneer Bob Gurnsey saw the potential of what went on that day in the woods of New Hampshire, so he went on to secure use up sources of the necessary products from the companies that supplied paintballs and markers to forestry and agricultural markets. He then marketed the first paintball game field franchises under the banner of the "National Survival Game". In 1983, the first formalized N.S.G. Paintball tournament was held, and the die was cast. Some of the biggest ma nufacturers include companies like Tippmann Pneumatics, Smart Parts, Worr Games Products (WGP), WDP, Dye, V-Force, JT, and Brass Eagle. Most companies make a full range of products for the industry, as to be competitive. Paintball is the instantaneous growing sport in the nation. It is easy to see why. It is competitive, team-building, family oriented, athletic, fun, and first and for most safe. Paintball appeals to men and women, young and old. It began with a few friends in the woods, and now is a multi-billion dollar sign family worldwide industry. The sport of paintball is one that will be around for a very long time.

The sport of Paintball Essay -- essays research papers

The Sport of PaintballThere you ar. Youre hiding behind a hastily constructed sand trap made to protect yourself from enemy fire. You can hear the enemy firing on your position, and you can feel the press studs screaming above your head. The firing ceases for a moment. You go forth out, fire off a few rounds, and duck back in but as you are going back in the shots start up again, and you feel the rounds whizzing past your head and ear. One catches your sleeve. You glance down. No damage. Suddenly you have a fellow fighter there in your bunker with you. He tells you hes going to try to take the enemy bunker out. Before you can stop him, he charges out of the bunker, gun blazing. A flare of fire, and a cry. You glance out, and entrance that your teammate has been hit. Anger sweeps over you. You check your ammunition close to full. You make a conscious decision to take them out. fetching a breath, you burst from your haven at speeds you did not know you could achieve. The enemy is surprised by this boldness. They doubted you, and are now caught off guard. You fire upon the exposed enemy. You see one of your shots find its prick, and he goes down. There is one more. Maintaining fire to keep him pinned down, you sweep past his bunker, and place three shots in his chest as you pass. You are victorious.Now, where are you? Are you in Iraq? No. Are you in Vietnam in the past? No. You are in the average American town, and you are out with your buddies live a game of paintball. You are still pumped up on adrenaline, and eager for the next game.One may wonder, what is paintball? Paintball is a athletic contest similar to laser tag but with live ammunition. Players are given a paintball gun, a protective mask, a gas source, and usually some unpatterned paintballs. A paintball gun, also called a marker, uses a pressurized gas source to propel a marble-sized ball out of the marker at anywhere from 250 to 300 feet per second base (fps). This ball is fired at anothe r player who is (or at least should be) similarly equipped. If the ball strikes the player, the ball breaks, and the gelatinous, colored filling leaves a bright mark on the player. This is called being marked. The player who was hit is usually out of the game at this point. Some people play multiple hit rules, such as three-hits-and-youre-out, or scenarios like that. This is a basic overview of the sport of paintball.Now we shall look at the a... ..., country-boy Ritchie White, captured all twelve flags without firing a single shot Paintball pioneer Bob Gurnsey saw the potential of what went on that day in the woods of New Hampshire, so he went on to secure direct sources of the infallible products from the companies that supplied paintballs and markers to forestry and agricultural markets. He then marketed the first paintball game field franchises under the banner of the "National Survival Game". In 1983, the first official N.S.G. Paintball tourney was held, and the die was cast. Some of the biggest manufacturers include companies like Tippmann Pneumatics, Smart Parts, Worr Games Products (WGP), WDP, Dye, V-Force, JT, and Brass Eagle. Most companies make a full range of products for the industry, as to be competitive. Paintball is the fastest ripening sport in the nation. It is easy to see why. It is competitive, team-building, family oriented, athletic, fun, and first and for most safe. Paintball appeals to men and women, young and old. It began with a few friends in the woods, and now is a multi-billion dollar family widely distributed industry. The sport of paintball is one that will be around for a very long time.

A Fireside Chat Essay

It was good work, the kind of work that let you sleep soundly at night and, when you awoke, look forward to the day, Jeanette W totallys quoted. According to Wikipedia, work morality is defined as a value based on hard work and diligence. In the text, A Fireside Chat, Sir Lynden Pindling speaks about slimy work ethics and how it must be changed to build The Bahamas. Some civil servants are discouraged because of victimization, others have no hope for the future and some confide that since their government is in power they no longer have to work hard.The Bahamas is a democratic country therefore everyone should have a freedom of speech and freedom to right to vote for the government of their choice. Sir Lynden Pindling agreeresses that a factory has been closed down, vegetable crates have been denied to small farmers and workers have been laid off work because of political reasons. These unfair actions cause workers to be discouraged, whether they were the ones directly affected or non. Also, victimization causes other workers to feel the need to non work hard.Put yourself in their shoes, if other people who dont support the people who dont support the PLP government are being fired and because you voted for them your job is secure wouldnt you feel comfortable and inert off as well? I know I would. Employers who victimize employees not only show poor work ethic to their workers but alike the public. If you fire people because they have different views you are making it hard on your blood line. This can cause slower services because of lack of workers and eventually add to the decline of customers.Sir Lynden Pindling also states that no government would function well or long without an efficient civil service. Why put your country, let alone your business at jeopardy of failing? Not only adults have poor work ethics, so do adolescents. Some children feel discouraged because of the area they pass in or their financial situations and provide mediocre se rvices as well. For example, some packing boys never have a smile on their impudence and when loading your bags to the car they handle them with no care whatsoever.Attitudes like this can cause them to receive little or no tips from customers. No matter how mountainous or small your job is, it is vital. In paragraph eight of the text, Sir Lynden Pindling encourages the children to never give up on their dreams because nothing is impossible. He even gives examples of children in poor communities, little Mary of Toote Shop Corner and little John of Meadow Street, that education is the key and dreams can become reality. Somecivil servants believe that since their government is in power they have arrived and are free to slack off on their jobs. Have you ever wondered why the waitress serving you seemed as though she had a frown painted on her face and it seemed like she did not want to be at work that day? This is because workers do not value their jobs or even the customers. Some wor kers even treat the local Bahamians poorly, but treat the tourist very well. This may be because of the tourists skin alter or accent, so the waitresses assume these customers will tip better.Local Bahamians are treated with mediocrity because the waitresses assume they will tip poorly or not tip at all. Aside from having bad attitudes on the job, some workers do not act professionally. For example, last week Thursday I went to The Bowling highroad with a few friends and during our game of bowling the waitress came to take our order. Her conduct was very poor she flirted with my friends and gave attitude towards me with made me not enjoy my experience the charge I wanted to.I feel as though when you are on the job your conduct should be very professional and you should speak to the customers officially and not informally. Therefore, many Bahamians have poor work ethics and this should be fixed immediately. In order for this country to grow progressively we must all work together to strengthen each other instead of victimizing people. We must also learn to believe in ourselves and work professionally when on the job.

Marketing Project Guideline Essay

It is essential that all members of the squad co-operate and that no member is a passenger. During the final Tutorial, members of for each one aggroup forget be required to provide the lecturer with confidential peer group ratings on other members of the team. These giveing be taken into film in awarding the mark for the lying-in to each team member. Students should maintain close communications with other vagabond team members throughout the semester. It is imperative that students postulate team member contact details in the first lecture, as the lecturer may non able to provide this teaching to students.A study problem can occur with disgorge team dynamics if students choose to withdraw from the flying field once teams argon settled and tasks have been distributed. Students intending to withdraw from the subject must(prenominal) immediately inform their project team members and the tutor/lecturer. The written business relationship must be equivalent in quality t o a report a consultant would typically submit to a client. The report must be perfect in terms of spelling, punctuation, grammar, page numbering, referencing, footnoting and appropriate use of appendices.Imperfections give count against marks awarded for the project. The body of the report should contain the groups major findings and conclusions from their research of the grocery, the competitors and the comp whatevers capabilities (Situation summary), followed by a detailed bring up Analysis, Evaluation of Alternative Strategies and final recommended commercialiseing Strategy expressed in detail. It is recognised that research about the target market will largely constitute of secondary data gathered from published sources.The mechanism to overcome any information difficulties is to make think assumptions, and denounce in a Market enquiry brief the market research that will be required to provide the information. The detailed research material supporting the major finding s in the Situation Analysis, and any Market Research briefs, should be included in an Appendix to the report. lines will be assessed on the quality of the research and conclusions drawn, and the reason of marketing dodging and planning groundd in the preparation of the plan.The Marketing Project is essentially the development of a marketing plan for a Chinese company. Project teams will be expected to find and work with a Chinese company to develop this plan. Generally high quality interaction and co-operation between the company and the project team should lead to a higher quality final report. However, students should be aware that many of the contacts in their chosen companies will have very limited time. This operator that the project team must demonstrate that their project will add value to the company and that the contacts expenditure of time with the team will be worthwhile.Interviews with contacts in companies may have to be supplemented with clearly written faxes, let ters or e-mails to request win information and clarification. 4. PROJECT DEADLINES This ingredient outlines the signalise project deadlines and deliverables. The overall Marketing Plan Format is outlined in discussion section 6. Elements of the Marketing Plan to be holy for the Progress musical theme are described in more detail in voice 5. The Final Report details are covered in Section 7. Key deadlines for the project are i) One page Project aim to be submitted in class in 2th week for approval by the tutor (ii) Progress Report to be submitted in class in 5th week. (iii) Final Project Report to be submitted in class in 8th week. (i) Project Proposal The Proposal must contain the following Company name Product or Service description Target market to which product or dish out will be marketed, and the opportunity for the company as you see it at this early stage Company contacts Team members, with co-ordinator nominated. Teams should only go ahead with the project afte r approval.They should immediately notify their tutor if there are any alterations to their proposal once the project is underway. Should there be a change in the company involved, a new Project Proposal must be submitted to the tutor. Undertaking an assignment where the project is not approved will result in failure of this component of the subject. (ii) Progress Report Undertaking a complete Progress Report is a critical factor in producing a prosperous Final Report. The Progress Report should be of a high standard and must include the following Copy of Project Proposal Situation Analysis SWOT Analysis Evaluation of Alternative Marketing Strategies Summary of preferred schema and preliminary financial outcome Progress record of contacts and activities A project planning chart with timeline forecasts for activities to be completed as part of the project. NOTE The Situation Analysis, SWOT Analysis and Evaluation of Alternative Marketing Strategies sections of the Progress Re port will be included in the Final Report after review and revisions. (iii) Final Report (dueTutorial 8)The Final Report must be of consultant quality, at the highest standard in terms of spellchecking, grammar, paging and referencing. As a guide the report should around 25 pages (exclusive of appendices), and should follow the format shown in Section 5. For assessment, students must submit one written copy of the Final Report in class in week 8. Reports must also be submitted electronically, and students should note that these may be subjected to a plagiarism check using plagiarism-detecting software (see Section 6 of the Subject Outline Statement On Plagiarism for an story of plagiarism). Situation Analysis i. Business Environment This section is concerned with external environment factors that are likely to impact on your company and its marketing strategy for the product or service selected. You will need to identify and discuss the changes, trends, developments and key uncerta inties in the business environment that are likely to furbish up the company. Factors that you should date in this section include sparing conditions in the target market selected, and likely future trends social and cultural factors and any changes or trends emerging that could affect your product or service technological factors and likely innovations that could affect your product or service political or legal factors affecting, or likely to affect, the company, the pains/product/service, marketing activities or customers infrastructure eg ports, rail and road network, telecommunications, media and information technology environment etc demographic trendsThe above list is not exhaustive. The textbook should be consulted for other areas you should consider. Most of the information required should be able to be obtained by desk research (using secondary data sources). It is recognised that in some instances you will be unable to obtain the necessary information (but you sh ould identify where further market research is required). Tables or graphs should be used eg to show key economic indicators, demographic statistics etc. All information sources must be disclosed and referenced in this section. See Section 11 of the Subject Outline for an definition of plagiarism). This section should NOT be a compilation of every fact that you can find out about the business environment in the market. The accusing is identify the key forces and trends likely to impact on your company and the marketing opportunity you have identified. Conclusions must be drawn to show the relevance of the information to the marketing plan. It is from this abbreviation of the external business environment that the Opportunities and Threats should emerge when subsequently carrying out the SWOT Analysis. ii.Market Analysis In this section you need to demonstrate an understanding of the target country market, and consumer and customer needs in that market. As a guide, you should at l east discuss Definition of the market in which you will be competing Market size and out examine for the product/service in the target market (ie current size of market units and values and likely future trends) Market characteristics, including distribution channels for the product or service category prices and pricing practices affecting the category Target market behaviour, including market segmentation (ie how the market is typically segmented) potential target market segment(s) for the product/service consumer/customer characteristics (eg demographics, geographic, preferences) consumer/customer purchasing behaviour. Generally the best final reports will have detailed market analyses and forecasts (either through research or through estimation) and comprehensive sections on market characteristics, trends and target market behaviour. Some market research (especially of customers and distributors) required to complete this section may be difficult to obtain.If this i nformation is not readily available then your team may note that further research may be required, and attach a Market Research brief as an Appendix. iii. Competitor Analysis The purpose of this section is to develop an understanding of the competitive environment in which the organisation will operate in the foreign market.. The ideal competitor analysis section should take the accurate market size (in terms of units and values) and further break it down by competitor market shares, with a commentary on each of the key existing and potential competitors.You should attempt to make a profile of each of the major competitors, so as to assess their products, market share and coverage, as well as their strategy. In looking at competitors you should be trying to identify whether their current skills and assets provide them with some sustainable competitive advantage that you will need to try to neutralise, or opportunities on which you may be able to capitalise, in developing your mark eting strategy.The competitor analysis should provide a major input to the Strengths and Weaknesses component of the SWOT Analysis (which assesses your companys assets and skills relative to your competitors). iv. Organisation Assets and Skills Analysis of the companys skills and assets are vital to the SWOT analysis, marketing plan and development of a SCA (sustainable competitive advantage). You should critically look at the companys skills and assets and consider how appropriate they are for the target market you plan to enter.The analysis should consider and discuss the following, where relevant technical/ achievement capabilities, production capacity and resources (including research and development capabilities and facilities, especially where continuing technology development is critical to maintain SCA), relationships with distributors (including channels typically used and margins) existing supplier or key customer relationships market shares, profit margins, cost structures for domestic and other existing export country markets company profile and financial energy company business philosophy and culture. The objective is to understand what the firm is good at, and what shortcomings or limitations might require skills or capabilities to be developed in tack to enter the target market chosen. This section must include an Organisation Chart. 5. 2 SWOT Analysis You will need to undertake a Strengths and Weaknesses analysis of the company (in comparison to competitors or its ability to compete), and a separate analysis of Opportunities and Threats in the marketplace.This analysis should be a culmination of the analysis you have undertaken in the Situation, Market, Competitor and Organisation Assets and Skills Sections, and should be drawn from these sections. You should not introduce significant new information or facts in a SWOT analysis that has not been evaluated earlier in the report. New information introduced into the SWOT without expl anation will be contradictory or confusing when viewed against your earlier analysis. After you have completed the SWOT analysis, there is a need to come to conclusions about where the firms situation lies in the spectrum of .These conclusions must be written up in an Implications of SWOT Analysis summary at the end of the SWOT, and should focus on the positive aspects ie the opportunity for the company, or remedial action required to shape the opportunity, that arises out of the analysis. 5. 3 Evaluation of Alternative Marketing Strategies This is the section in the Progress Report and Final Report that will clearly demonstrate your teams knowledge of marketing concepts and ability to apply them in a marketing context.You must complete a brief but effective evaluation of alternative marketing strategies open to the company in the following areas Target market selection, positioning and marketing intermixture options The Marketing textbook provides a useable guide to this evalua tion process. i. Alternative Target Market, Positioning and Marketing Mix Strategies it is necessary to identify several potential market segments (target markets) in the market and consider how they might be serviced with appropriate marketing mix strategies.This does not require a lot of detail, but you must show your teams understanding of the concepts involved and your ability to think through and express marketing strategy options. You should reduce the options down to a number that would be realistically implementable by your firm. As a guide you should consider at least or two or three alternative target markets (including your preferred option). In examining these alternative strategies, you must 1. Identify potential target market segments in the market. 2.Outline possible positioning strategies for each of these target markets, and link them to brief alternative marketing mix strategies, covering product, price, distribution and promotion 3. Indicate your preferred strateg y, and why. This section should NOT be merely a relieve-up of the companys preferred marketing strategy without reference to alternative marketing strategies. ii. Preferred Strategy In about one half to one page (maximum) you should now pull together and write up a summary of your recommended marketing strategy (ie target market, positioning and marketing mix) for the market..A preliminary financial outcome for the preferred strategy must(prenominal) also be included here, showing sales, profit margin and market share that you believe might be achievable in the launch course of study of your strategy, subject to a much more rigorous and detailed analysis that you will provide later in the Final Report under Section 8, Economic Evaluation. This summary will be the springboard for writing the detailed Strategy section of your Final Report.

Counterinsurgency in WWII and Vietnam

The counterinsurgencies in gentlemans gentleman state of state of warf be dickens and Vietnam are strikingly different precisely because the insurgencies they fought were different. Every insurgency is unique. Some feel that an insurgency carries advantages that induce it inherently unbeatable. Because the superior absorb is rarely prepared for an insurgency they are at a disadvantage from day one. The primary lesson learned from the experiences of humanness fight Two and Vietnam is that counterinsurgency must entail more than just the deployment of superior military forces. An insurgency is not unbeatable.For a counterinsurgency campaign to be triple-crown a carefully devised comprehensive strategy that integrates military, political and humanitarian goals must be devised. insurgency and Counterinsurgency Defined Insurgency is a broadly be term. An insurgency can take many forms. Generally speaking, it is an uprising of a smaller, weaker military and political force agai nst the force that occupies power. Because insurgents are almost al focuss outnumbered and want military equipment, they fight a guerrilla-type war. Their goal is not to defeat the opposing force militarily, but instead to erode it while inflicting as many losings as possible.Insurgents often look for soft targets to attack rather than facing the enemy head-on. The ultimate goal is to fight a low intensity war that drains the opposing side of resources and public support. Robert Smith, in The Utility of Force, describes a common process through which insurgencies begin. First, one political wing separates from a larger companionship. aft(prenominal) arming itself, this wing initiates a low intensity conflict against a larger power. Over time, the larger force is persuaded to cut its losses and withdraw. The insurgent party then goes around establishing a dominant force of its own (Smith, 2007).This cycle is evident in the 1980s insurgency of the Afghans against the Soviet Union and the eventual issuance of the Taliban. In recent years, the term insurgency has also been used to describe any conflict in which groups of foreign fighters enter a country to pair a larger force. In either case the simulated military operation of insurgency are similar. Counterinsurgency, in turn, is more than just military opposition to the insurgent force. mostly defined, Counterinsurgency is the attempt by a political power or occupying force to tamp down rebellion.In the late 20th and early 21st degree centigrade the military unitiveness of insurgent tactics has been rediscovered. Media and technological advances have been integrated effectively and, as a result, insurgencies have become more complex. In response, counterinsurgency tactics have been revised and modernized. It is generally recognized that a more comprehensive military, political, economic and cultural effort is now required. Between World War Two and the present day, the nature and scope of counterinsurge ncy programs changed dramatically. The Vietnam conflict represented a halfway point in that evolutionary process.The learning curve has been irregular, though. As from each one new insurgency surfaces new lessons must be learned and old lessons re-learned. World War Two The emergence of modern insurgency and counterinsurgency Insurgency and counterinsurgency are not terms typically used in relation to World War Two. The seeds for the modern usage of both were sown during this era, however. The French resistance is sometimes described as an insurgent campaign. The tactics used by the Germans to counter this insurgency were brutal but ultimately ineffective.In fact, the French rampart is credited with coordinating sabotages and other actions which contributed to the success of Operation Overlord (Smith, 2007). Allied forces even then were aware of the need to work with assets of various political colorize (Smith, 2007). In working with insurgents in the early years of the war the affiliate gained some knowledge about how to defeat an insurgency. This knowledge, in part, would be capitalized on at the end of World War Two and twenty years later in Vietnam. Meanwhile, the Germans faced a second insurgency from the Soviet Partisans.These were pro-communist Soviets most vigorous in the border regions between Germany and the U. S. S. R. Like in the French resistance, these fighters sabotaged and harassed any vulnerable areas of the German occupiers they could find. Unlike in France, the Germans were never able to put in a puppet regime to help them quell the population. The German counterinsurgency strategy was to stamp out any resistance as quickly as possible. The Germans and the Partisans for that matter executed thousands of civilians in this region. Counterinsurgency tactics in World War Two were somewhat primitive.Primarily, the goal was to use overwhelming military force before installing a puppet government favorable to the more powerful force. Terror w as the tool for holding on to that power. Tactical reviews after the war provided some valuable information, but were also tainted by the political atmosphere of the day. For example, U. S. reports may have overemphasized the effect of partisans terrorizing the local population into supporting them. The effect of the terror caused by German counterinsurgency forces and other possible ideological reasons for local support were not studied fully enough.In the waning days of the war, remnants of the Nazi SS launched an insurgency of their own. Initial public support kept the insurgency afloat for nearly two years as various sabotages and political assassinations harassed the occupying forces. ultimately Operation Werewolf was defeated when the German public became assured that the Allies were committed to rebuilding their nation, through such programs as the Marshall Plan. This stands in tart contrast to the terroristic methods of counterinsurgency that had been employed in earlier years.While not specifically part of the counterinsurgency program, media get wind assisted the allies in a way it would not during Vietnam. The greater threat posed to the American nation itself during World War Two led the public to accept tight military control of what was released through newsworthinesspapers or other media. The media blackout was perhaps more successful for the Germans. Since the German public heard little or no negative news from the front, the Partisans and The French Resistance were never able to erode support for the war within Germany.In this sense, a totalitarian state with vast resources and complete media control has a certain advantage in counterinsurgency over free nations. When World War Two was over, the template of a successful insurgency had been advanced farther than that if a successful counterinsurgency. In the words of U. S. General Robert Smith By the end of the Second World War, the defining characteristics of the antithesis of industrial war had been established, as a combination of basic guerilla and revolutionary warfare. (Smith, 2007) None the less, Allied knowledge increased from having been on both sides of irregular conflicts.Allied forces would put much of what they had learned about counterinsurgency into action during Vietnam. As always, some lessons had to be re-learned under difficult circumstances. Vietnam Hard Lessons Researchers are still debating the effectiveness of the counterinsurgency effort in Vietnam. in that location is no doubt that operations such as Market Time and Phoenix were more sophisticated than any such efforts in World War Two. Militarily, they were at least partially successful. Efforts such as these combined elements of Allied experiences with what they had learned by studying German methods during World War Two.The military began to work strategic hamlets throughout South Vietnam. In order to do so, though, entire villages of civilians would often be relocated. Air assets also sprayed chemical agents on large tracts of tilled land growing crops that could be used to help the North Vietnamese. In some cases, large numbers of civilians alone suspected of collaborating with the communists were killed. Ironically, at the same time a humanitarian effort was established. USAID personnel, who had 6 months of language immersion and training in nation building, spearheaded the effort.The Military Assistance Command for Vietnam also worked with the National Revolutionary growing Plan to help Vietnamese victims of the war. Even when pacification efforts within Vietnam itself were going well, the insurgents were winning the media war. The Tet offensive was a military defeat for the communists. After Tet the flagging unsophisticated pacification program picked up momentum (Chant, 1990). Despite its military success, the counterinsurgency failed in two critical ways. The Vietnamese Communists fought the hearts and minds battle better, giving the peasants promises t hat had original meaning to them.For instance the communists promised land loans and lower taxes to peasants (Alexander, 2002). The coalition could never establish a trust relationship with the majority of the population. When Congress cut off gold and recommended that ground forces should not be committed the mistrust of the Vietnamese was confirmed (Chant, 1990). In Vietnam, the media was on the front lines of war as never before. Initially the Allies believed that this would be a showcase for the military and would help maintain support for the war. By the end of the war, the insurgents had turned this factor completely in their favor.The North Vietnamese capitalized on American broadcasts and broadcasts of their own, essentially communicating directly to the American people that the war was unwinnable. They rightly assumed that the American media could play a significant use of goods and services in eroding public support for the war. When the American military tried to exert greater control over the media, distrust and opposition to the war only increased. Analysis and Conclusion Contrary to popular belief, insurgencies have a long track record of success. In fact irregular or guerrilla warfare is, in fact, the most successful form of conflict (Alexander, 2002).It is the repeated failure of major powers to recognize this and anticipate it that itself are the major reasons for insurgent success. In World War Two, insurgencies were relatively contained. In Vietnam and in the 21st century they are not. They are sophisticated multinational operations in which the insurgents sometimes cannot even be identified. World War Two and Vietnam are evidence that insurgency can take many different forms. The overall lesson, however, is the same. The degree of success for a counterinsurgency is directly related to the degree the insurgency was anticipated and planned for.Another clear lesson is that a counterinsurgency employing only military means is destined to fai l. The experiences in World War Two and Vietnam do give some clues as to how to deal with the insurgency in Iraq. A comprehensive strategy must be essential that separates the insurgents from those who support them. Then an effective intelligence network with ample numbers of human assets must be developed and maintained. As shown in Iraq the lessons of prior wars are forgotten and must be re-learned. For example, when insurgents were driven out of a town coalition forces would often leave that area undefended.It was not until at least collar years into the war that coalition forces began to use the take and hold method used in Vietnam more than three decades earlier. The ability to defeat insurgencies in the hereafter depends upon learning and capitalizing on lessons such as these. The first step to defeating an insurgency is to expect one. The second step is to plan a counterinsurgency. Beyond these simple stairs the process is incredibly complex and there are no hard and fast rules. Sources Alexander, Bevin. (2002). How Wars are Won the 13 rules of war from ancient Greece to the War on Terror. New York Crown Publishers.Chant, Christopher. (1990). The Military History of the United States (Vol. 13). New York Marshall Cavendish. Markel, Wade. (2006). Draining the Swamp The British Strategy of Population Control. Parameters. Retrieved 1/7/2008 from http//www. carlisle. army. mil/usawc/Parameters/06spring/markel. htm . McClintock, Michael. (2002). U. S. Guerrilla Warfare, Counterinsurgency and Counterterrorism, 1940-1990. Instruments of Statecraft. Retrieved 1/7/2008 from http//www. statecraft. org/chapter3. html . Smith, Robert. (2007). The Utility of Force the art of war in the modern world. New York Alfred A. Knopf.

Examples of Research Proposal on Physical Activity and Environmental Perception Essay

Background and RationaleGender is an important confounder in the epidemiology of corporal activity, where men be more physically active than women (Aadahl, Kjaer & Jorgensen, 2007 Azevedo et.al., 2007). Within delight research, the focus on race and religiosity from a social science perspective has for a long time been a marginal research area. The archaeozoic research on race and sport has been criticised for being ethnocentric (Fleming 1994) with stereotypes like Arabic countries are not interested in sports or Muslim girls are constrained by their parents from snap officipating and that the level of physical activity among Muslim women is low outside and inside their home. These need further groundwork scrutiny to determine its accuracy. Researchers have explained the low level of mesh of women of Asian and North Afri elicit origin in sports in Europe as a impression of both religious and cultural barriers as well as racism and discrimination within sports organisations.Fo r example, it is often argued that Muslim immigrant girls face gender-specific barriers that limit their leisure-time activities, such as household responsibilities. Racism as an explanation for the low level of involvement is currently widely accepted among researchers (Carrington and McDonald 2001). Lovell (1991) found that Asian women are often inclined less attention and discriminated against in physical education because of teachers ideas of Asian girls as passive and frail and therefore not interested in sports. Sport participation has scientifically been proven to provide these benefits lower risk of getting heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, colon cancer, and diabetes, lower high blood pressure, reduced dread and depression and improved mood. It also helps cope with stress and control weight, provides more energy, promotes better sleep and overall appearance (Moore, 2007).The Purpose of the StudyThis research aims to recognise the kinds and level of physical acti vity that Bruneian university students do on their daily routine and association of environmental perception from developing state (Brunei) and developed country (United Kingdom). The take away will look into the physical activity engagement of the target group within a period of 7 days.Research Question1. be the gender differences in physical activity among Bruneian University students studying in the United Kingdom?2. Are there differences in perception of the environment mingled with male and female among Bruneian university students in the United Kingdom?Procedures and ProtocolsThis research will be using quantitative methods of data gathering in the class of a survey. Snowball sampling will be used in this research. Approximately 150 Bruneian University students are expected to participate in the survey, consisting of 50% males and 50% females. All Bruneian students must be study in the United Kingdom for at least one course of academic year or two terms (2010/2011). The participants will be volunteers and the age range is from 18 to 59 years old. The participants will be recruited if they show interest in an email sent out from a social networking service (Facebook). The participants will be examined based on their time spent (moderate to vigorous activity) being physically active in the last 7 days, with the data examined through transcription and content analysis as well as environmental perception.Survey QuestionnairesThis study will use various self-administered survey questionnaires that are designed to determine the kinds of daily physical activity that Bruneian University students engage in as part of their daily routine, especially within a period 7 days. This study will look into the time spent by respondents sitting as an index number of sedentary behaviour. In each of the four domains, the number of days per week and time per day spent in both moderate and vigorous activity will be recorded. There are three levels of physical activity p roposed to classify respondents low, moderate, and high. Another set of questionnaire will be focus on their environmental perception on the environmental factor from Brunei to United Kingdom. The data needed will be derived from direct surveys, opinion or Internet surveys and literature reviewData Analysis MethodsThe physical activity data from the questionnaire will be transformed into energy expenditure estimates as MET. To shoot for the weekly physicalactivity (MET-h week-1), the number of hours dedicated to each activity class will be multiplied by the specic-MET score for that activity and statistically analysed. This will be used to find significant relationships surrounded by and among the data gathered. The data will be analyzed using PASW Statistics 18 (SPSS). The correlation between physical activity level and environmental perception will be analyzed.Likely Value of ResultsThe results will show us the continuous measure of physical activity and will be reported as med ian MET-minutes. Median values and interquartile ranges can be computed for walking (W), moderate-intensity activities (M), and vigorous-intensity activities (V) within the time period surveyed. natural scores may also be calculated for walking (W), moderate-intensity activities (M), and vigorous-intensity activities (V) for each domain (work, transport, domestic and garden, and leisure) to provide an aggregate summary of the data. The result of this study can be use as an intervention for Bruneian students that study in UK or any other country in order to improve their health and physical activity.ReferencesCarrington B, and McDonald, I (2001).Race, sport and British society. London. Fleming, S. (1994). Sport and South Asian youth the perils of false universalism and stereotyping. Leisure Studies 13(3), pp. 159177. Moore, K. (2004). Muslim Women Athletes Move Ahead, But Dont Leave Faith Behind. Physical Activity. Lovel. T (1991), Sport, racism and young women, in G. Jarvie (ed.), Sport, racism and ethnicity, London 5873.Aadahl M, Kjaer M, Jorgensen T. (2007) Influence of time spent on TV viewing and vigorous intensity physical activity on cardiovascular biomarkers. The Inter 99 Study. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 14 660-5.Azevedo MR, Araujo CL, Reichert FF, Siqueira FV, da Silva MC, Hallal PC. (2007). Gender differences in leisure-time and physical activity. International Journal of Public Health 52 8-15.

Pop Music

The themes of pop music also help to characterize this musical style of USIA. Typically, pop music centers on themes such as love and relationships. For example, Am I Wrong by Nice & Vine is a pop song that explains a longing for a relationship he thought was more than it was. This theme is so popular because everyone can relate to it. At a point in every persons life, they leave behind experience love those who have not experienced it, long for it, and thus relate to the theme of love as well. 3. What is disco? What ar the characteristics of this music? I.Developed in 1 970, disco began outside of mainstream America, but t ended up crossing over into mainstream pop music. Mixing soaring vocals with a beat that encouraged dancing, disco became the leaping music of the decade. The music often had 100 to 130 beats per minute (a relatively fast tempo) and the pulse of the meter was often emphasized. 4. What was the British Invasion? Which famous group was a part of this movement? W hat impact did the group have on pop music? In the 1 9605, near of these British groups became influential in North America as well.The biggest group of the British Invasion was, of course, the Beetles. While the Beetles sometimes sang closely social issues, they also had songs with catchy lyrics and melodies. This would be the centerpiece of pop music through the next several decades. 5. What is a boy band? What are some characteristics off boy band? I. Boy bands, such as New Kids on the Block, Boozy II Men, Backstreet Boys, and N Sync, featured between triad and sextette young adult males who typically sang, but did not play instruments. Critical Thinking Questions 1 .Some of the music in the 1 sass was used to fend social and political issues. Is music still used as a form of protest? Why or why not? I. Music is used, and will always be used, as a form of speech. It gets ideas and concepts out to the public in an appealing, and passionate way. However, it is less politically influenced nowadays. I believe this is because the public shows overmuch more interest in love songs rather than politics therefore, music composers aim to please the public. 2. One of the changes in the music industry during the twentieth atomic number 6 was the increasing centralization of music.Has music bring about too commercial? Why or why not? Do you think that artists are creating music for specie or for other reasons today? I. Although big stars make a significant amount of money, all pantomimic artists are financially struggling. It is such a rough plot of land to make it to fame that if that artist is in it for the money, they will never make it in order to endure the hard times, they must really love what they do. Music has become highly commercialese, but will continue to evolve just like everything else. 3. How has technology impacted pop music?Describe at least three genealogical changes that impacted and shaped pop music today or in the past. I. The Beat Machin e eliminates the need for a real drummer. The internet allows for advancement and exposure that was not possible before. Finally, music videos are now a must when it comes to pop music. It increases the need for the look of the artist. 4. Pop music has often been seen as youth music. Why do you think pop music appeals to younger individuals? How has the industry promoted this idea? I. Pop music appeals to you anger generations because it is upbeat and easy to dance to.Pop Music? The Center for Popular Music For information on specific research ingatherings Sheet music and Broadsides Rare books Sound recordings Periodicals Reading means collection Archives Music Trade Catalogs Posters Playbills and Programs Photographs Background The Centers collection documents the diversity of American music. We take as our starting point the European and African origins of American culture, selecting items which document the music of our national vernacular culture.From the 18th to early 20th carbon music was disseminated largely in printed form sheet music, songsters, broadsides, instrumental culture books and song anthologies. After 1920 recorded sound gained dominance. The Centers collection reflects this change in the commodification of music. The Center recognizes the interplay between musical styles in American culture by providing study-level collections in all genres.Rather than duplicating the collection depth in specialized archives, the Center strives to support local research needs in all genres while providing research-level collections in specific areas rock & roll and its roots, the various forms of vernacular religious music, and music of Tennessee and the Southeast. The key element supporting the study of rock is a sound recordings collection strong in blues, rhythm and blues, early rock, mainstream rock from the 1960s to the present, and alternative rock.The Center also has extensive holdings of rock periodicals as well as biographical, historic and cr itical books. Research in vernacular religious music is supported through a collection of approximately 2600 scores, including Confederate gospel songbooks, 19th century oblong songbooks, New England hymnody, shape note music, Sunday school songs, Negro spirituals, African-American gospel and denominational hymnals. Our collection of southern gospel songbooks is thought to be the largest institutional collection held by a non-religious repository.The Centers sound recording collections is also deep in various African-American traditions, contemporary Christian music and southern gospel. In addition to commercial issues, the Center has approximately 100 hours of original field recordings of African-American religious music. The Centers collection of Tennessee and southeastern materials recognizes that Tennessee provides a marvelous testing ground in which to study popular music.Ragtime, jazz, blues, Anglo- and African-American folk music, country, gospel and rock have all flourishe d within Tennessee. The music business of Tennessee has long been an important section of Tennessees economy. In addition to Nashville, the cities of Memphis, Knoxville, Bristol, Chattanooga, Cleveland and Lawrenceburg have played significant roles in music publishing, broadcasting and recording. The Centers collection documents these business activities as well as musical ones.

Week 3 Homework Aib Problems

Problem 1 The following data were obtained from a confuse to create a new portable electronic. ActivityDurationPredecessors A5 Days B6 Days C8 Days D4 DaysA, B E3 DaysC F5 DaysD G5 DaysE, F H9 DaysD I12 DaysG pervert 1 Construct a network diagram for the project. Step 2 Answer the following questions (15 points total) a)What is the Scheduled Completion of the Project? (5 points) b)What is the Critical Path of the Project? (5 points) c)What is the ES for Activity D? (1 points) d)What is the LS for Activity G? (1 points) )What is the EF for Activity B? (1 points) f)What is the LF for Activity H? (1 points) g)What is the float for Activity I? (1 points) Problem 2 The following data were obtained from a project to build a pressure vessel ActivityDurationPredecessors A6 weeks B6 weeks C5 weeksB D4 weeksA, C E5 weeksB F7 weeksD, E, G G4 weeksB H8 weeksF I5 weeksG J3 weekI Step 1 Construct a network diagram for the project. Step 2 Answer the following questions (15 points total) a)Calcul ate the plan completion condemnation. (5 points) )Identify the critical path (6 points) c)What is the gradual time (float) for activity A? (1 points) d)What is the slack time (float) for activity D? (1 points) e) What is the slack time (float) for activity E? (1 points) f) What is the slack time (float) for activity G? (1 points) Problem 3 The following data were obtained from a project to design a new software box ActivityDurationPredecessors A5 Days B8 Days C6 DaysA D4 DaysC, B E5 DaysA F4 DaysD, E, G G4 DaysB, C H3 DayG Step 1 Construct a network diagram for the project.Step 2 Answer the following questions (15 points total) a)Calculate the schedule completion time. (5 points) b)Identify the critical path(s) (6 points) c)What is the slack time (float) for activity B? (1 points) d)What is the slack time (float) for activity D? (1 points) e) What is the slack time (float) for activity E? (1 points) f) What is the slack time (float) for activity G? (1 points) Problem 4 The follo wing data were obtained from an in-house MIS project ActivityDurationPredecessors A5 Days B8 DaysC5 DaysA D4 DaysB E5 DaysB F3 DayC, D G7 DaysC, D H6 DaysE, F, G I9 DaysE, F Step 1 Construct a network diagram for the project. Step 2 Answer the following questions (15 points total) a)Calculate the scheduled completion time. (5 points) b)Identify the critical path (6 points) c)What is the slack time (float) for activity A? (1 points) d)What is the slack time (float) for activity D? (1 points) e)What is the slack time (float) for activity E? (1 points) f)What is the slack time (float) for activity F? (1 points)

Leisure studies in Canada.

The city of saint Luc City is a splendiferous city that has a muss of leisure opportunities such as parks, libraries, and Samuel Moskovitch existledge domain. The city is very kind as it has s salutary constructed roads and paths that link each and every part of the city. There has been paths that present been constructed of late for employment the four Heart paths that was officially opened on 30th September 2007. These paths atomic number 18 meant to make Pierre Elliot Tradeau park accessible. (Heart in communicate base on balls Paths, Cote Saint Luc City)These walking paths ane which is a kilometer long, a nonher of 3km, 5km, and the last matchless is of 8km. The heart in motion paths was extended from the city pavement by the Quebec stroke foundation. All these paths are clearly marked with distinct blue and yellow color in. These are supported with motion signs after a crossbreed of each one and a half kilometer so as to keep tourists who visit this city in the ri ght track. All these city paths starting time from the Pierre Elliot Tradeau Park on the southern corner.The construction of the four walking paths had some health benefits to the residents and visitors who come to this city. The paths allow those who command to do walking come a classic opportunity for doing so. This is according to the whitethornor of this city Anthony housefather. Construction of walking paths has been done in other places corresponding Ireland, Denmark, Sweden, Finland and German and as hence it is not without precedence. It is something that is feasible as it has been tested and gived that city paths like those in Cote Saint Luc city help in keeping the city dwellers physically fit.Within the city there is a place that race lav visit to enjoy themselves and one of these places is the Pierre Elliott Trudeau Park, which is located at Mackle road and next to the Samuel Moskovitch arena. It is hardened at the northern side of the city. The park is just bea utiful and you weednot afford not to visit it. Inside there is a base ball field, balmy ban field there is and there is as well as an artificial lake called Contennial Lake where you can enjoy pedal boat rides at a small fee in summertime. There is a picnic area that is very beautiful in winter especially when its covered with ice. The parks scene is extremely beautiful with a green covered landscape. (Samuel Moskovitch Arena, 6985 Mackle Road.)The fees that are charged in this park are pocket friendly in fact the cost cannot exceed $25.00 U.S dollars. For example you can access the Baseball diamond with just now one dollar, the second baseball diamond with 2 U.S dollars the third one with 3 U.S dollars. There is also a hotel where you can rent a room. These two rooms are equipped with a mini fridge and microwave. (Lesson 6)Also in the city of Cote saint-Luc, there is an arena called Samuel Moskovitch that is located at the Mackle road. This arena is a home to the ice surface th at is utilise by the minor Hockey group, the skating club, hockey schools and adult as well as the youth leagues. Within the arena there is a studio room and a conference room which are good for esoteric rentals. The two rooms are well equipped with basic set up as well as clean up. They also pack chairs and turn off making them ideal for holding conferences.The studio room is equipped with a freezer and not forgetting that there is also enough parking area that can accommodate over two hundred vehicles. For those who might be interested in renting these places its good to know their exact measurements to avoid disappointments. The grouch Rink is 200feet in length and 85 feet entire, the studio is (36.5 x 25) feet that can accommodate 85 deal when arranged in banquet style and temporary hookup arranged in theater style it can hold one hundred and s heretofore people. The conference room is 25 feet long and 12 feet wide and can hold twelve people while standing.All these roo ms are rented for only two hours and any time on top of that is charged separately. The conference, studio and the studio room for partners are charged 50, 100 and 150 U.S dollars respectively. The ice is suitable for those who are holding birthday parties and has two dressing units. Those people who want to rent both the ice and the studio room are charged according to the set charges.The city has also a public library where you can go to read books, novels, magazines and newspapers. The library is well equipped thus making it ideal for conducting researches. This library is called Eleanor London public library. It offers some games like the classic carte du jour game. The library crew consists of skilled people who guide people on how to fully utilize the library materials. The library offers a scavenger hunt work out where the winner merits some prizes. This library is also equipped with audio visual devices for storing information for example there is a number of musical as we ll as artistic works from the Baroque clock that are free to all.Though the government has made sure that there are enough recreational places in Canada for all, there might be some barriers that may limit or prevent one from enjoying these sites. If you have some physical disabilities or limitations you might not enjoy these recreational facilities to the fullest. For example if you are crippled then you cannot be able to maneuver through the region. The park has three-baseball field which cannot be of any importance to the physically challenged people especially those who do not have legs and hands. But still arrangements can be made for them to be taken there to depressurise and enjoy the cool environment. For those who cannot access the park because they cannot walk, alternative means can be used such as airlifting these people to the designated places that are of importance to them. T they can also be driven to these places using vehicles but with a risk of not physically ex ercising their bodies.Taking a leisure walk helps one to improve the circulation of blood and thus making your heart strong. There are also pedal boats that are found in TheTradeau Park but people who have leg problems cannot be able to use pedals so they cant enjoy the boat rides. (Pierre Elliot Trudeau Park). The governments of Canada in easing the burden of those who are physically impaired under a tourist and leisure companion sticker are allowed to access to all recreational places for free. If you are visually impaired you cannot have an access all the information that you might need. Some information is stored in magazines, books and journals and it is obvious they cannot be of any use to a ruse person. (Lesson 5)In Canada this problem is well taken care of by the library management who has diversified information storage devices. Some library materials are audio visual. This means a blind person can have access to the needed information by listening. A blind person can also have some difficulties in accessing the recreation places as they are marked with colors and motion signs that guide the walkers but they are of no use to a blind person.Anybody who is knew to a accompaniment place finds it hard to access the recreational places. This person must be guided on how to access them. Proper maps should be provided to these people assuming they know how to read maps. For these maps to be of beneficial to the map readers, then labeling of the features on the ground should be well labeled to avoid confusion. This is something that the government has taken care of it has provided people who need to visit these places with posters and other signs to guide them. For example in the Cole Saint Luc City the paths are clearly marked with yellow and blue colors after every 500 meters, to keep the walkers on the right track.The government of Canada also uses the motion signs on the paths to guide those seeing these recreational places for this reason even people w ho are new to Canada can access these places without facing difficulties in locating them. It should not be forgotten that these can be of help to only those that are literate and who have no visual impairments. Sign language solves the language difficulty. Where people cannot communicate in one language then signs prove to be useful. But still you may not be able to enjoy these places as you should. If you do not speak the same language you may be limited to access places and information that you need.Lack of enough financial resources also limits people from enjoying their leisure to the maximum as not all these places are accessible for free. To access some of these you must part with some money. Lastly you may fail to have an excellent leisure time if you are not used to the climate of that particular region. For example, in the Trudeau Park pedal boats that are only available in summers and ice during the winter so if you go during other times apart from summer and winter respe ctively then you cannot enjoy your leisure time. Therefore climate can also be a limitation.In short, Canada offers people with one of the best recreational places in the world. The Cote Saint Luc City is a home to these places for example there is a public library, Samuel Moskovitch Arena, walking paths and Trudeau Park where some are freely accessible for free or at a fee. There are some barriers that may prevent one from enjoying these leisure places. These are factors like culture, language, physical disabilities and unfamiliar ness with a new place.Reference6985 Mackle Road. Samuel Moskovitch Arena.Lesson 6 Commercial Recreation, Economics of recreation.Lesson 5 Travel and Tourism study materials.Pierre Elliot Trudeau Park, 6975 Macle road.Heart in Motion Walking Paths, Cote Saint Luc City.

International development project analysis Essay

Introduction New science, technologies and ideas are life-and-death for the achievement of the goals, but global inquiry investments are insufficient to match needs and do not focus on the priorities of the poor. Many technological and policy innovations require an international scale of look effort. DFIDs (Department for International Development) Central Research Department (CRD) commissions research to help fill this gap, aiming to ensure tangible outcomes on the livelihoods of the poor. CRD seeks to influence the international and UK research agendas, putting poverty reduction and the needs of the poor at the header of global research efforts. CRD manages long-term research initiatives that cut across individual countries or regions, and only coin activities if there are clear opportunities and mechanisms for the research to have a signifi crumbt impact on poverty. CRD industrial plant closely with DFIDs Chief Scientific Adviser to maintain external links, particularl y with UK Science, Whitehall and political stakeholders, to agitate DFIDs agenda. DFID is seeking views to help it develop a new research strategy 2008-2013. Your chance to specify involved When developing policies, it is recognized that consulting with a wide range of interested groups helps to ensure that the impact of its proposals on different sectors of society is taken into account. Public consultations are carried out wherever possible as recommended in the Code of Practice on computer addresss by the Cabinet Office in January 2004. The Code aims to increase the intricacy of individuals and groups in public consultations, minimizing the burden it imposes on them, and giving them enough time to respond.This guidance is used in conjunction with the compact between the government and the voluntary and community sector which includes a specific ordinance of good practice on Consultation and Policy Appraisal. If you would like to take part in DFID public consultations, inform ation will be posted on these pages. . . . Page-2 Page-2 Consultation The Cabinet Office is conducting a review of Consultation Policy to see how government consultations can be improved and is keen to taste your views.As the centrepiece of this review, Hilary Armstrong MP, Minister for the Cabinet Office and Social Exclusion, has launched a paper empower Effective Consultation to seek evidence on Government consultations. The consultation is aimed at anyone with an interest in responding to government consultation exercises, from those who regularly respond to the Governments consultations to those who might be interested in doing so. These might include business organizations, voluntary and charitable sector organizations, campaigning bodies, trades unions, citizens, etc.The Better rule Executive is keen to meet with people who have experience of Government consultations and to discuss with them how Government consultations can be improved. The BRE is therefore organizing a se ries of events with Government Offices including both, larger, public seminars on the subject. Annual constitutions Assessment of accomplishment on government consultations. Code of Practice The Cabinet Office Code of Practice on Consultation sets out the basic principles for conducting effective Government consultations. Consultation Guidance Guidance for running consultations in government. up-to-the-minute Cabinet Office Consultations A list of current Cabinet Office consultations with links for more information. Government Consultations Links to departmental consultation websites. Effective Consultation Events Further details on the Better linguistic rule Executives platform of Consultation events. The following eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were agreed at the United Nations Millennium Summit in September 2000 and nearly 190 countries have subsequently sign(a) up to them.The eight Millennium Development Goals 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger. 2. Ac hieve universal patriarchal education. 3. Promote gender equality and empower women. 4. Reduce child mortality. 5. Improve maternal health. 6. Combat human immunodeficiency virus and AIDS, malaria and other diseases. 7. Ensure environmental sustainability.8. Develop a global partnership for development. . . . Page-3 Page-3 REPORTS AND FORMATS Annual Report coiffure for DFID-contracted Research create by mental acts Front cover with name of Research Programme, Reference Number and the Period Covered by the report.Include a table of contents, annexes, etc. , as necessary. 1. Background Information Title of Research Programme Reference Number Period covered by report Name of will institution and director Key partners Countries covered by research Planned Actual Start ensure End Date Total computer program budget 2. One page summary (A narrative focussing on two main questions (i) How far have intended outputs as listed in the log gear up been achieved? And (ii) What is the impa ct of the research create mentally so far? ) 3.Key Themes Progress towards outputs and impact What are the research outputs? Outputs OVIs Progress Recommendations/Comments Where are the research impacts? Purpose OVIs Progress Recommendations/Comments 4. Lessons learnt Working with Partners Good Practice/Innovation Project/programme counseling Communication 5. Programme Management Annual Report Summary sheet for R4D 1. Background Information Title of research programme Reference Number Period covered by report Name of lead institution and conductor Key partnersCountries covered by research Start Date for research programme End Date for research programme 2. One page summary 3. Products and Publications Inception Phase Report Format Front cover with Title of Research Programme, Reference Number and the Period Covered by the report. Include a table of contents, annexes, etc. , as necessary. 1. Background Information Title of research programme Reference Number Period covered by report Name of lead institution and Director Key partners Countries to be covered by research 2.A document of overall plans to complement your research proposal and setting out Themes. Planned activities. Areas for development during life of the research program. Where appropriate, a response to referees comments on the original research proposal and/or any comments or note of endorsement from the CAG/CARG. 3. Finalized log frame 4. Plans for capacity development 5. The Management structure for the research program 6. Ongoing monitoring arrangements for the research program 7. Communication strategy 8. Annual activity plan 9. Detailed financial plan.

Grover Cleveland

Gr over Cleveland Stephen Grover Cleveland was born on March 18, 1837, in Caldwell, New Jersey. Clevelands capture was a minister, originally from Connecticut, and his mother was from Baltimore. He was the ? fth of nine children, meetd Stephen Grover, tho he did not use the name Stephen in his adult life. In 1841, his family moved to Fayetteville, New York where he spent most of his childhood. In 1850 Clevelands cause took a pastorate in Clinton, New York , and the family had to move to accommodate for his job. They moved once more in 1853 to Holland Patent, New York. Soon after the move Cleveland? s take past away. After the death of his father Cleveland dropped out of school to help support his family. A elder in his church offered to pay his college care if he promised to be a minister like his father, Cleveland declined, and instead decided to move West.On his way West, Cleveland halt by his uncles house in Buffalo, New York. While there he was given a clerical job at h is uncles police force ? rm. Cleveland uncle was an important person in New York, and he would introduce him to a lot of in? uential men there. Cleveland later took a clerkship with the ? rm, and then became a certi? ed lawyer. Leaving his uncle? s ? rm in 1962 to start his own ? m. He built a reputation for himself as being connected and dedication to hard work. Cleveland stayed out of politics until 1970, where he ran for sheriff of Erie County, which he win. After his two year barrier as sheriff he returned to the ? eld of law, opening law ? rm with his two fri closings. There he found himself at the top of Buffalos legal community. In 1881 the democratic party leaders approached Cleveland and asked him if he would like to run for mayor of Buffalo, he took of? ce January 2, 1882. His terminus as mayor gave him the reputation of being an mediocre politician, the reputation short spread beyond Erie County. As Cleveland? s reputation grew, the democratic party began to cons ider him a practicable candidate for governor. When the democratic convention could not decide between their two leading candidates Rosewell P. Flower, and Henry W. Slocum, Cleveland emerged as the compromise choice, and on January 1st 1883, he took of? ce winning the election by a landslide. Clevelands blunt, honest ways as governor won him popular acclaim. In 1884 Cleveland was seen as a leading rival for the professorshipial nominating speech. And due to failing health of other contenders he was nominated to be the democratic nominee for the 1884 election.While the popular vote was close, with Cleveland winning by just one-quarter of a percent, the electoral votes gave Cleveland a majority of 219182. And is verbalize in as electric chair of the United States on March 4th, 1885. Clevelands ? rst term was uneventful, only if was marked by ? rmness on his part to the principles which he deemed productive to the nation. He made large use of the veto agency upon bills passed by Congress. On June 2, 1886, Cleveland married Frances Folsom, in the Blue Room of the white house. He was the second president to be married in the White House. After his ? st term was up the democratic party renominated Cleveland, but he lost the election, receiving 168 electoral votes, to Benjamin Harrison? s 233 votes. Even though Cleveland had lost the electoral votes, he had won the popular vote by more then 100,000 votes. Cleveland retired to private life and resumed the practice of the law in New York. In 1892 Cleveland was nominated for president a third time in succession. He won receiving 277 electoral votes to Harrison? s 145 (22 were cast for James B. Weaver of Iowa, the candidate of the Peoples party). Clevelands second term included some important events.The most important was the repeal of the silver legislation, which had been a growing threaten for ? fteen years. Clevelands second term expired on the 4th of March 1897, and he then retired into private life. He was well respected, and constantly consulted on his knowledge. He was a trustee of Princeton University and Stafford Little lecturer on human beings affairs. And lived in New Jersey, until his death on the 24th of June 1908. Major Event During Administration Grover Cleveland? s ? rst term (1885-1889) was uneventful.Cleveland used his veto power sparingly. Vetoing 413 bills in his ? st term, more than two-thirds of which were private pension bills. Cleveland reduced taxation upon American citizens, due to the growing surplus of money in the United States Treasury. Cleveland was also a advocate of the obligation reform. He believed that the tariff should be reduced, this con? ict was never resolved in Cleveland? s 1885-1889 term, and would remain a problem for the upcoming elections. During his ? rst term, Cleveland appointed two justices to the supreme court. The ? rst, Lucius Q. C. Lamar in 1887, and the second Melville Fuller a few months later. Grover Cleveland? s second term (1893-1897) contained some notable events.The most important was the repeal of the silver legislation, this had been weirdy up for the past 15 years. People would turn their coin notes in for gold, instead of silver, causing a depletion of the United States gold reserve. Cleveland repealed the act to prevent the depletion of the countrys gold reserves. The problems for Cleveland didn? t stop there though. A strike began against the Pullman Company (manufacture of railroad cars) against low wages and long work hours, and by June 1894, 125,000 railroad workers were on strike, paralyzing the nations trade. Cleveland entangle that a federal solution was needed.So he sent federal troops to the rail centers to insure the vocation of the united states continued. Having reversed the silver legislation, Cleveland? s next goal was to reverse the effects of the McKinley tariff. The Wilson-Gorman Tariff proceeding was ? nally passed in 1894 after many another(prenominal) reforms by the h ouse, this slightly reduced the United States tariff rates, and imposed a 2% income tax. Cleveland was outraged with the ? nal bill and criticized it as disgraceful product of the control of the Senate. Still he believed it was an rise over the McKinley tariff and allowed it to become a law without his signature.Goals and Initiatives Election of 1884 Cleveland? s campaign for his 1884 election was centre mainly on the corruption in politics. His reputation as an opponent of corruption proved to be one of the Democrats strongest asset for the 1884 election. His opponent James G. Blaine was known to be a corrupt politician, he would corruptedly in? uenced legislation in favor of the success of companies , later pro? ting on the deal of bonds he owned in them. This level of corruption made some people crowd over to Cleveland? s side, because they were more concerned with morality than with party. Cleveland preached honesty and ef? iency in government. Even when Cleveland was char ged with fathering an illegitimate child, he immediately admitted the possibility of himself being the babies father.Election of 1888 Cleveland? s renomination in 1888, against Republican nominee, Benjamin Harrison, was focused mainly on the WilsonGorman Tariff Act. The republicans aggressively defended protective tariffs, where as Cleveland felt the tariff cost? s should be reduced. Cleveland was original that he would be able to pull another victory in this election, and even though he had won the popular vote 48. 6 percent to Harrison? s 47. percent he lost the electoral vote due to slightly losing in the major game changing states. Election of 1892 The election of 1892 was a rematch of the year before, with the democrats nominating Grover Cleveland, and the republicans nominating Benjamin Harrison.Additionally, a third party had emerged on the scene the Peoples Party, they had given their nomination to James B. Weaver of Iowa. This election was according to Cleveland biogr apher Allan Nevins, the cleanest, quietest, and most creditable in the memory of the post-war generation this was mostly due to the fact that Harrison? wife was dying of tuberculosis. Harrison did not personally campaign, and Cleveland followed suit out of sympathy to his political rival as not to use Mrs. Harrisons illness to his advantage. The issue on tariffs had worked to the republicans advantage the election before, but over the past four years the price of imported good had gotten higher and higher. So many voters who sided with Harrison the year before had turned their views to either Cleveland or Weaver of the People? s Party. In the end Cleveland won by wide margins in both the popular and electoral votes, and was elected the 24th president of the United States.Achievements Grover Cleveland had many achievements during his presidential career. He stopped the abandonment of the gold standard, saved land from hullo and to this day is the only president to serve two non-co nsecutive terms. Cleveland had earned the trust of the people due to his struggles to use up corruption from the political system. He is also one of the eight presidents of the United States to be printed on a bill (Paper Currency, $1,000 Bill) Evaluation Grover Cleveland seem? s to be the perfect politician. He was honest, fair, and experienced. I am not the only one who thought so as well.In the three times Cleveland had run for president, he had won the popular vote every time. The choices he made seemed to be very smart and evoked teeny hostile actions from the people of the United States.Bibliography American PresidentReference Resource Campaigns and Elections. Millercenter. org. The Miller Center, n. d. Web. 22 Oct. 2012. . American President. Millercenter. org. The Miller Center, n. d. Web. 22 Oct. 2012. . Grover Cleveland. Www. nndb. com. N. p. , n. d. Web. 22 Oct. 2012. . Presidents On All US Dollar Bills, Presidents On Money. Www. marshu. com. N. p. , n. d. Web. 22 Oct. 2012. .

The outsourcing of the Canon Europe

The outsourcing of the edict Rupees finance and bill management to mark totality words 2772 Contents l. Introduction In 2006, the principle atomic numerate 63 decided to outsource its finance and history argument to the Accentuate consulting company. As a well-known imaging solution company, regulation atomic number 63 confronted with barbaric competition in 2006. Although Canon europium is a subsidiary of Canon Inc. Of Japan, the company contributes about tierce of Canon Inc. s worldwide sales revenue.At the initial stage of transforming, to management on those activities which ar squ ar to its competitive sentimenting, the executive of Canon Europe determined to establish a sh ared- answer center to centralize the companys finance operations. After a series of testing and analysis, Canon Europe found out that cooperating with the right outsourcing pardner is the tho means to achieve greater effectiveness. This measure non only can be utilise to reduce costs of their finance extremityes and improve the efficiency of them, but as well as to create powerful differentiating relationships with supplier.After the diligent review of the proposals of all the candidates of vendors, Canon Europe finally decide outsource the finance and accounting employment operation to Accentuate. The contract duration is seven years, and Accentuate provided Canon Europe with a range of finance processes finished the management of the Accentuate Delivery Center in Prague. II. Outsourcing Project Overview By the reason of shank Europe was constantly confronted with change magnitude completion and tighter, the executives of Canon Europe decided to create a powerful, differentiating relationships with suppliers by improving finance processes to reduce he costs.They also determined to improve the finance and accounting, kindred decree from approved suppliers victimization standardized purchase orders, could make up their compliance . Initially, the executive s thought that centralizing the companys finance operations would be the right way to achieve the goals which were mentivirtuosod above. But by 2006, they found out that the only way to further savings and greater process effectiveness is through outsourcing. In the autumn of 2006, Accentuate submitted a proposal to Canon Europe that included significant details about its research on spunky performance.Subsequently, Canon Europe executives actualized Accentuates capabilities are relevant to their companys own strategical direction, and they also initiatives to achieve foremost finance operations, following detailed conversations with Accentuate leaders, the executives finally decided to outsource the companys European shared- go operation to Accentuate. Canon Europe signed a seven-year business process outsourcing contract with Accentuate, focusing on finance and accounting.Managed through the Accentuate Delivery Center in Prague, Accentuate provides Canon Europe with a range of finance recesses, including accounts payable, cash posting and fixed assets administration, as well as travel expense processing. Services are provided in 12 languages to Canon Europe businesses in 14 European countries. Ill. Client Perspective The consider of client Canon Europe had a beneficial experience in this whole outsourcing process. Accentuate helped Canon achieve the objectives because running finance and accounting back offices is teacher business of them.Accentuate were able to deploy their economies of scale, and their expertness and process foc employ to help Canon achieve world-class performance. In fact, within the outsourcing activities, the Canon Europe reached the goal of improving their productiveness baby percent in three years. Sourcing model The model that Canon Europe used is sole supplier model, which means Accentuate provides the entire finance accounting service to them. To the Canon Europe, the outsourcing model they chose is appropriate.Outsourcing f inance and accounting presents a series of unique challenges that require deep expertise and sophisticated toolkits. Further much than, the vendor corporations need the right resources, innovation and talent to positively impact their business. The main reach of this model is the sole accountability of the supplier, which makes the governance of the venture easier relative to other configuration models. Briefly speaking, it is a wise decision for Canon Europe outsourcing its whole finance and accounting process to an onshore vendor.Canon Europe selected a offspring outsourcing model to cooperate with Accentuate. According to the Decision-making matrix on outsourcing which was suggested by Hillocks (2002), the Canon Europe outsourced their Qualifiers, which means the organization outsourced their finance and accounting department-?the radical activity for business operations, but do non contribute to the companys competitive positioning in a major way. Strengths and weaknesses Th e company intended to invest to a greater extent(prenominal) than in their ticker competitiveness such(prenominal) aspirator marketing, customer service and looking after their channel partners.Therefore they are realistic in paying vendors, and recognized back office administration as a utility(prenominal) activity and do not regard to invest in back office innovations. Secondly, at that placeat a number of strength that Canon has realized through the relationship with Accentuate. , said by Chris Poppa(Accentuate Senior Executive). For instance, this outsourcing activity increased visibility and transparency on the finance processes, more responsive service from the Prague Deliver Centre improve management control through the formal discipline.And finally, Canon Europe can focus on their core business and not worry about the back-office processes. The Canon Rupees outsourcing weakness lies in that they are a cosmic company, this fact results to the difficulties when they s elected vendors. There are so many factors they need to consider, for instance, the reputation, the dexterity of handle massive ATA and the applied science innovations of the suppliers. The organizations own characters decide that the number of vendors they can choose from is limited, and it due to the cost controlling becomes even more difficulty.Retained capabilities The capabilities that essential by Canon Europe through the outsourcing activities are as following First, relationship building. Creating a powerful, differentiating relationship with supplier is one of the aims of Canon Europe. Actually,building a relationship involves helping users understand developmental of finance and accounting for the business ND the improvement of productivity, helping users and financialexpertscollaborate, and ensuring users ownership and satisfactions. The second capability is informed buying.Generally, this capability related to the challenge of managing the finance and accounting outso urcing strategy in a way that meets the interests,priorities, and goals of the business. For example, the transition from a shared-services model to the Accentuate Delivery Center in Prague was completed in only four months, furthermore, there was no reengineering needed and all finance activities were quickly stabilized. Thirdly, to protect the current and emerging contractual position of the firm, Canon Europe also had the contract monitoring capability.It is important to note that the contract monitor ensures that the business position is contractually protected at all times while the contract facilitator is mainly c erstrn in the day-to-day operational 1 . Furthermore, as a contract monitor, Canon Europe inevitably to ensure that their business position is contractually protected at all the timely 2. Risks in outsourcing get away The Canon Europe also met several dangers. First of all, considering that Canon Europe ND Accentuate are both influenced organizations in the worl d, they both have the differentiations culture.Provided that during the process of outsourcing, both split have limited opportunities for interactions, wherefore it will cause misunderstandings and poor change management controls 3. The structural risk whitethorn also make up in the process of the duration of outsourcing. Structural risk refers to the danger that the relationship between clients and suppliers may not work as expected. Whatever, transaction preprocessing insurance claims processing are happily easy to monitor using precisenesss to measure their quality 5.Therefore these activities present low structuralism. Lastly, if an organization decides to outsource some business which includes sensitive data, then(prenominal) a carefully managed outsourcing contract may be preferable. This is because king-size established clients are probably more careful about protecting their reputation. Expected take account Within Canon Rupees new finance and accounting outsourcing en vironment, there is now greater assurance that activities are being executed effectively with maximum efficiency, and that productivity and continuous improvement are daily priorities.Such advancements demonstrate why the goal to improve productivity within the outsourced activities by 25 percent in three years is well within reach. To sum up the foregoing, the business achieving performance continually. To keep the relationship between Canon Europe and Accentuate getting damp is also the value that this outsourcing activity brought. Actually, Canon Europe paid careful attention to the levels of relationship force of the supplier, without they wish to maintain a close long-traineeships.Whatever, they found out that Accentuate has the ability to support the coming(prenominal) changes in their business direction, and the needs of their innovations the supplier, so the long-term relationship would be a potential value they wish to obtain. V. Supplier Perspective Good pick for suppli er From the perspective of Accentuate, this contract was a good pick undoubtedly. First and for most, Accentuate built the partnership with Canon through this outsourcing process, this laid the foundation of theorizations of strategic partner in the future. Actually, in 2010, Canon enters $9. Ban to launch in collaboration withAccentuate to deliver customized tuition and media management solutions for large European organizations. Given these facts, we can make a conclusion of both separate already built good relinquishments the finance and accounting outsourcing process. Advantages and disadvantages The vendor selected in this outsourcing case possessed bus of advantages. First of all, finance and accounting (F) was one of the first processes that Accentuate start to outsource, henceforward have more than 15 years operational experience in Finance and Accounting business process outsourcing.Secondly, Accentuate was also en of the best consultant companies in that time, which mean s they had better reputation and lower risk than other companies. Last but not least, Accentuate has their own R teams, which maximize the efficiency and increase the possibilities of reaching the goal successfully. While outsourcing, three applied science innovations of Accentuate play an important role. For example,the first of these is an Accentuate- developed self-service portal that is updated daily to help Canon Rupees suppliers control, access and monitor invoicing and payment activities.As for the disadvantages, one of them is the technology solutions growth in Accentuate is much slower than consultancy roles in the fierce competition of the consultant industry. Therefore, once Canon encountered some technique problems in the outsourcing process, Accentuate may not provide powerful supports to them efficiently. Risks to vendors equal most of devotedness, Accentuate also had risks in this outsourcing process. One of them is reputation loss, it would happen as the venture fa iled.No emergence what the real reason is, the supplier always should take the responsibility for the failure first. Another risk is the bail of techniques and clever property. Elementally repertory rights are also one of major concerns to both the client and the supplier 19. Thus, companies should be particularly careful, because the absence of suitable contractual safeguards can put at risk the firms rights to its own intellectual property. For example, the development and the application of Accentuates technology innovations are belong to the core competence of the organization.And the Accentuate-developed self-service portal also has key function to the completeness of the whole outsourcing project. Expected value As an outstanding consulting company, Accentuate expects not only to manage the entire successfully, but also to develop the partnership with the Canon Europe. Cooperating with some well-known companies successfully, like Canon, will expand the influence of itself. Furthermore, building the partnership with those companies will also bring plenty of opportunities to the future development to Accentuate.Hillocks suggests that enterprise partnerships involves risk-reward and Joint ownership arrangements, offers promising way to leverage cost and quality gains as well as knowledgeableness and exploitation. V. Recommendations Safeguard of clients position To mitigate the risk that Canon Europe may face, the organization interacted on a daily basis with Individual Accentuate teams (one for each process such as accounts payable and cash posting).Besides, to increase the visibility of the clients, the Accentuate Planning and Control enables management and process owners to capture and track critical path activities and issues in real time. The extraction of value for supplier For the supplier, provided abye of their targets is obtaining extraction of value from the contract, then the following factors are important firstly, Accentuate should ensure t hey provided the desired services according to the contract.Secondly, manage to protect the safety of the sensitive data, like ensure the data to be used in appropriate ways, and periodically check that authorized personnel are following designated procedures. Win-win situation As the contract manager of insubstantial public sector agency noted Suppliers have to make a reasonablenesss to stay in business. You dont want them to lose moneybags the worse their business gets, the worse your business gets. Theodosius uncovers that both parts in the outsourcing process are interest- elated.Creating a win-win situations the client receives increased value- adding services and disruptive generates better revenues and obtaining more opportunities. When Accentuate completed the outsourcing project, the Canon Rupees employees were free from time-consuming finance transactional tasks, and they are now able to focus on strategic activities to add value to the businesses. Improvement or changes I n the next five years, the organizations recognize back office administration as a secondary activity and do not wish to invest in back office innovations, whereby the equines process outsourcing will overshadow IT outsourcing.The clients should invest much more in contract value due to the contract management is a major determinant of outsourcing successes. Second, to bar the outsourcing failure, the thing that Canon Europe should considerately suppliers other than sole supplier model, as a large company, the outsourcing process of Canon Europe would be more complex than others, therefore continue with only one vendor would carry high amount of risk. In the future, selective sourcing with multiple suppliers will remain the superior trend.